Most people are not aware that besides the Five Precepts, the Buddha also gave some very good guidelines for laypeople to follow that pertains "to the happiness directly visible in this present life."
Buddhaghosa has aptly referred to this Sutta as the "Vinaya (Buddhist code of discipline) of the householder." Known as the Sigalovada Sutta, the events take place when the Buddha encountered a youth called Sigala who was prostrating and worshipping the four compass directions (East, South, West and North), and the Earth, and the Sky. The youth explained to the Buddha that he had been told by his father to do so, and thought it was right to uphold his wishes.
Avoid evil ways
The Buddha first describes fourteen evil ways that should be avoided
by a householder. The Buddha enumerates these evil ways to be avoided
as:
- The four defilements of action:
-
- taking life (panatipato)
- stealing (adinnadanam)
- sexual misconduct (kamesu micchacaro)
- lying (musavado)
- The four causes of evil action:
-
- desire (chanda)
- hate (dosa)
- ignorance (moha)
- fear (bhaya)
- The six ways of squandering wealth:
-
- indulging in intoxicants
- wandering the streets at inappropriate times
- frequenting public spectacle
- compulsive gambling
- malevolent companionship
- habitual idleness
Choose true friends
The Buddha then elaborated on the importance of having and being a
true friend, as he described what true friends are; and what true
friends are not; and, how true friends will aid in attaining a blissful
life.
Protect close relationships
Finally, returning to the topic of the six directions, the Buddha
described the Four Compass Direction as : parents (East), teachers
(South), wife
(West), and friends and colleagues (North), and the two vertical
directions as: ascetics and Brahmins (Up) and the Servants (Down). He
elaborated on how to respect and support them, and how in turn the Six
will return the kindness and support.
The householder's commitments and the reciprocal acts of those he
honors, as identified by the Buddha, are represented below in accordance
with the four directions on the horizontal plane (east, south, west and
north):
|
North
FRIENDS
|
|
|
commitments |
reciprocal acts |
|
|
generosity
kind words
helpfulness
impartiality
integrity
|
supportiveness
protect your wealth
provide shelter
loyalty
honor your family
|
|
West
WIFE
|
|
East
PARENTS
|
commitments |
reciprocal acts |
|
commitments |
reciprocal acts |
honor her
respect her
fidelity
share authority
provide gifts
|
organize duties
hospitality
fidelity
wise budgeting
skillfulness
|
|
support them
fulfill their duties
honor traditions
deserve inheritance
honor their passing
|
restrain from evil
nurture goodness
teach skills
arrange marriage
provide inheritance
|
|
South
TEACHERS
|
|
|
commitments |
reciprocal acts |
|
|
rise to greet them
attend to them
eager receptivity
serve them
master their teaching
|
thoroughly instruct
ensure comprehension
provide well-roundedness
provide referrals
ensure safety
|
|
Nadir
WORKERS
|
To the left are shown the householder's commitments to and the
reciprocal acts of employees and servants (representing the nadir, below
the practitioner's body).
To the right are shown the householder's commitments to and the
reciprocal acts of religious guides (representing the zenith, above the
practitioner's body).
|
|
Zenith
ASCETICS
|
commitments |
reciprocal acts |
commitments |
reciprocal acts |
apt work
just wages
health care
perks
leave time
|
rise early
stay late
no stealing
work well
allegiance
|
loving acts
loving speech
loving thoughts
hospitality
material support
|
restrain from evil
nurture goodness
lovingkindness
enlighten
clarify
teach goodness
|
Read the entire Sigalovada Sutta here:
http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/dn/dn.31.0.ksw0.html